[SPARK-43612][PYTHON][CONNECT][FOLLOW-UP] Copy dependent data files to data directory

### What changes were proposed in this pull request?

This PR proposes to move several data files used for PySpark artifact tests from `connector/connect/common/src/test/resources/artifact-tests`, added in apache#40368, to `data` directory.

### Why are the changes needed?

PySpark tests should better not depend on Spark's test package build. This PR decouples it.

### Does this PR introduce _any_ user-facing change?

No, dev-only.

### How was this patch tested?

CI in this PR should verify it.

Closes apache#41510 from HyukjinKwon/SPARK-43612-followup.

Authored-by: Hyukjin Kwon <[email protected]>
Signed-off-by: Ruifeng Zheng <[email protected]>

Author: HyukjinKwon

data/artifact-tests/crc/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+The CRCs for a specific file are stored in a text file with the same name (excluding the original extension).
+
+The CRCs are calculated for data chunks of `32768 bytes` (individual CRCs) and are newline delimited.
+
+The CRCs were calculated using https://simplycalc.com/crc32-file.php

data/artifact-tests/crc/junitLargeJar.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+902183889
+2415704507
+1084811487
+1951510
+1158852476
+2003120166
+3026803842
+3850244775
+3409267044
+652109216
+104029242
+3019434266

data/artifact-tests/crc/smallJar.txt

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+1631702900

data/artifact-tests/junitLargeJar.jar

@@ -33,9 +33,7 @@ class ArtifactTests(ReusedConnectTestCase):
     def setUpClass(cls):
         super(ArtifactTests, cls).setUpClass()
         cls.artifact_manager: ArtifactManager = cls.spark._client._artifact_manager
-        cls.base_resource_dir = os.path.join(
-            SPARK_HOME, "connector", "connect", "common", "src", "test", "resources"
-        )
+        cls.base_resource_dir = os.path.join(SPARK_HOME, "data")
         cls.artifact_file_path = os.path.join(
             cls.base_resource_dir,
             "artifact-tests",