Update volume.py (#14291)

* Update volume.py

* [pre-commit.ci] auto fixes from pre-commit.com hooks

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* refactor: remove unnecessary empty iterable in deque (RUF037)

Clean up trailing whitespace and empty list in deque initialization to satisfy Ruff linting rules.

* style: update valid_input to use Python 3.12 type parameters

Applied PEP 695 syntax to the valid_input function by moving the 'num' generic into brackets. This resolves the UP047 error in the machine_learning directory.

* style: update generic functions to Python 3.12 syntax (UP047)

Refactor jump_search to use PEP 695 type parameters [T] as required by the latest Ruff configuration.

* fix(types): add Comparable bound to jump_search type parameter

Updated the PEP 695 type parameter syntax to include the 'Comparable' bound. This resolves the Mypy error regarding unsupported left operand types for the '<' operator, ensuring that the generic type T supports comparisons.

* Apply batched suggestions from code review

Co-authored-by: Christian Clauss <cclauss@me.com>

---------

Co-authored-by: pre-commit-ci[bot] <66853113+pre-commit-ci[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Christian Clauss <cclauss@me.com>

Author: 3 people

maths/volume.py

@@ -510,6 +510,32 @@ def vol_torus(torus_radius: float, tube_radius: float) -> float:
     return 2 * pow(pi, 2) * torus_radius * pow(tube_radius, 2)
 
 
+def vol_octahedron(oct_side: float) -> float:
+    """
+    | Calculate the Volume of an Octahedron.
+    | Wikipedia reference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regular_octahedron
+
+    >>> from math import isclose
+    >>> isclose(vol_octahedron(2.5), 7.36569563735987)
+    True
+    >>> isclose(vol_octahedron(10), 471.40452079103168)
+    True
+    >>> isclose(vol_octahedron(5), 58.92556509887896)
+    True
+    >>> isclose(vol_octahedron(3.5), 20.21146882891548)
+    True
+    >>> vol_octahedron(0)
+    0.0
+    >>> vol_octahedron(-1)
+    Traceback (most recent call last):
+        ...
+    ValueError: vol_octahedron() only accepts non-negative values
+    """
+    if oct_side < 0:
+        raise ValueError("vol_octahedron() only accepts non-negative values")
+    return oct_side**3 * 2**0.5 / 3
+
+
 def vol_icosahedron(tri_side: float) -> float:
     """
     | Calculate the Volume of an Icosahedron.
@@ -560,6 +586,7 @@ def main():
     print(
         f"Hollow Circular Cylinder: {vol_hollow_circular_cylinder(1, 2, 3) = }"
     )  # ~= 28.3
+    print(f"Octahedron: {vol_octahedron(2.5) = }")  # ~=7.37
     print(f"Icosahedron: {vol_icosahedron(2.5) = }")  # ~=34.09