Add clear least significant set bit operation (#15305)

Co-authored-by: deerred643-star <deerred643-star@users.noreply.github.com>

Author: deerred643-star

bit_manipulation/single_bit_manipulation_operations.py

@@ -94,6 +94,29 @@ def get_bit(number: int, position: int) -> int:
     return int((number & (1 << position)) != 0)
 
 
+def clear_least_significant_set_bit(number: int) -> int:
+    """
+    Clear the least significant set bit (rightmost 1 bit).
+
+    Subtracting 1 changes the rightmost 1 to 0 and the 0 bits to its right to 1.
+    ANDing the result with the original number therefore clears that set bit.
+    For negative integers, Python's infinite sign extension is used.
+    https://graphics.stanford.edu/~seander/bithacks.html#CountBitsSetKernighan
+
+    >>> clear_least_significant_set_bit(0b101100)  # 0b101000
+    40
+    >>> clear_least_significant_set_bit(0b1000)  # 0b0
+    0
+    >>> clear_least_significant_set_bit(0)
+    0
+    >>> clear_least_significant_set_bit(0b1111)  # 0b1110
+    14
+    >>> clear_least_significant_set_bit(-5)
+    -6
+    """
+    return number & (number - 1)
+
+
 if __name__ == "__main__":
     import doctest