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README.txt
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Information about PalEON MIP Phase 2 (Regional) Environmental Drivers
Christy Rollinson, [email protected]
10 October 2015
This directory contains the environmental drivers for phase 2 MIP runs (regional runs,
formerly phase 1b) & any scripts used to generate them. Note for BU paleon users: all
raw data sets (pre-processing) can be found in the env_drivers_raw folder in this
repository. All other users can obtain these data via links provided or drivers and raw
data will be made available upon request.
There are 6 Environmental Drivers. File paths associated each driver are nested within
the current version of env drivers.
Current Env Driver: phase2_env_drivers_v1
All drivers have a consistent spatial extent, resolution, and coordinate reference system
Spatial Extent (xmin, xmax, ymin, ymax) = -100, -60, 35, 50
Spatial Resolution = 0.5 x 0.5 degree
CRS (R format) = "+proj=longlat +datum=WGS84 +ellps=WGS84 +towgs84=0,0,0"
See specific driver information for temporal extent and resolution
1) Land Mask
— File Path/Name: domain_mask/paleon_domain.nc
— File Format: netcdf, dim=[lat,lon]
— Units: binary (presence/absence)
— Temporal Extent: static (one time)
- Temporal Resolution: static (one time)
— Processing Scripts: 1_paleon_mask.R
— File Description: This is a spatial file that all data (drivers & outputs) should
match spatial. Resolution: 0.5-degree, bounding box (xmin, xmax, ymin, ymax): -100, -60, 35, 50
— Source: PalEON met drivers phase2 v1, precipf_0850_01_01.nc (first time step)
— Additional Notes: The base mask for the met drivers was originally created from
precipf_0850_01.nc and all met files were masked using this layer during met
processing (5_rewrite_timestamps.R, https://github.com/PalEON-Project/met_regional).
Because this met originated with CCSM4 data, which was coarser than the 0.5-degree
resolution we are currently working with, a decent amount of coastline is missing
in the east and along the upper peninsula of Michigan.
2) CO2
— File Path/Name: co2/paleon_*_co2.nc
— File Format: netcdf, dim=[time]
— Units: ppm
— Temporal Extent: 850-2010
- Temporal Resolution: annual, monthly
— Processing Script: 2_seasonal_co2.R
— File Description: This file provides the CO2 concentration for the entire PalEON domain. The
entire domain uses the same CO2 concentration. Two options exist: 1) 1 value per year (original
splicing by Bjorn Brooks in 2013; 2) monthly CO2 with variation added in from MsTMIP.
— Citation: Original CO2: PMIP-3, NOAA Mona Loa Observatory (MLO)
MsTMIP Seasonal Variability
Wei, Y., S. Liu, D.N. Huntzinger, A.M. Michalak, N. Viovy, W.M. Post, C.R. Schwalm, K.
Schaefer, A.R. Jacobson, C. Lu, H. Tian, D.M. Ricciuto, R.B. Cook, J. Mao, and X. Shi.
2014. NACP MsTMIP: Global and North American Driver Data for Multi-Model Intercomparison.
Data set. Available on-line [http://daac.ornl.gov] from Oak Ridge National Laboratory
Distributed Active Archive Center, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA.
http://dx.doi.org/10.3334/ORNLDAAC/1220
— Web Link: MsTMIP: http://dx.doi.org/10.3334/ORNLDAAC/1220
— Date Accessed: MsTMIP: 30 September, 2015
— Additional Notes: We did not redo original script by Bjorn Brooks that spliced PMIP-3 and NOAA
MLO data nor replace PMIP-3 with CMIP CO2.
3) Land-Use
— File Path/Name:lulcc/paleon_lulcc_*.nc
— File Format: netcdf, dim=[time,lat,lon]
— Units: variable (see “Additional Notes” below)
— Temporal Extent: 0850-2010 (PalEON filled, native extent = 1500-2005)
- Temporal Resolution: annual
— Processing Script: 3_lulcc.R
— File Description:Spatial time series describing fractional land use types, fraction land use
transition, and harvest statistics (area, biomass). These are modified Hurtt and differ greatly
from MsTMIP drivers due to land use classifications.
— Citation: Chini, L.P., G.C. Hurtt, and S. Frolking. 2014. Harmonized Global Land Use for Years
1500-2100, V1. Data set. Available on-line [http://daac.ornl.gov] from Oak Ridge
National Laboratory Distributed Active Archive Center, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA.
http://dx.doi.org/10.3334/ORNLDAAC/1248
— Web Link: http://dx.doi.org/10.3334/ORNLDAAC/1248
— Date Accessed: 28 September, 2015
— Additional Notes: PalEON drivers are from LUHa.v1 files only, which are 1500-2005, with no urban
land. LULCC was filled to the PalEON temporal domain according to the following scheme:
1) 0850 - 1499: All land in primary vegetation cover, no disturbances or land use transitions
This is essentially assuming no significant human influence prior to 1500. For models relying
on the land cover portion, this may lead to abrupt transition to crops in the Ohio River Valley
and could cause issues since we did not calculate the area moving from primary forest to cropland.
If this is an issue, please let us know and we’ll fix it.
2) 2005 - 2010: No more land cover transitions or harvest; land use designation stays as it was in
2005 (secondary land will keep aging).
Raw files are provided in a format similar to the original. Utility scripts will be generated to help
reformat drivers for particular models.
Variable codes are as follows:
Variable Description
Land Cover- Units=fraction (%) of each grid cell
gcrop cropland
gothr primary land
gpast pasture
gsecd secondary land
gurbn urban land
Secondary land characteristics Units
gssma mean age of secondary land years
gssmb mean biomass density of secondary land kgC/m2
Wood harvest data Units
gfsh1 fraction of each grid cell that had wood harvested from mature secondary forested land fraction (%) of each grid cell
gfsh2 fraction of each grid cell that had wood harvested from mature secondary forested land fraction (%) of each grid cell
gfsh3 fraction of each grid cell that had wood harvested from secondary non-forested land fraction (%) of each grid cell
gfvh1 fraction of each grid cell that had wood harvested from primary forested land fraction (%) of each grid cell
gfvh2 fraction of each grid cell that had wood harvested from primary non-forested land fraction (%) of each grid cell
gsbh1 mature secondary forest biomass harvested kgC
gsbh2 young secondary forest biomass harvested kgC
gsbh3 secondary non-forest biomass harvested kgC
gvbh1 primaryforest biomass harvested kgC
gvbh2 primary non-forest biomass harvested kgC
Secondary land characteristics- Units=fraction (%) of each grid cell
gflcp transition from cropland to pasture
gflcs transition from cropland to secondary land
gflcu transition from cropland to urban land
gflpc transition from pasture to cropland
gflps transition from pasture to secondary land
gflpu transition from pasture to urban land
gflsc transition from secondary land to cropland
gflsp transition from secondary land to pasture
gflsu transition from secondary land to urban land
gfluc transition from urban land to crop
gflup transition from urban land to pasture
gflus transition from urban land to secondary land
gflvc transition from primary land to cropland
gflvp transition from primary land to pasture
gflvu transition from primary land to urban land
4) Soil
— File Path/Name: soil/paleon_soil.nc (all variables), soil/paleon_soil_*.nc (individual files)
— File Format: netcdf dim=[lat,lon]
— Units: variable (see “Additional Notes” below)
— Temporal Extent: static (one time)
- Temporal Resolution: static (one time)
— Processing Script: 4_soil.R
— File Description: There are two file options for soil drivers: 1) single .nc file that mirror
the format of the MsTMIP driver; 2) individual .nc files for each driver. The data in these
formats are identical.
— Citation: Wei, Y., S. Liu, D.N. Huntzinger, A.M. Michalak, N. Viovy, W.M. Post, C.R. Schwalm, K.
Schaefer, A.R. Jacobson, C. Lu, H. Tian, D.M. Ricciuto, R.B. Cook, J. Mao, and X. Shi.
2014. NACP MsTMIP: Global and North American Driver Data for Multi-Model Intercomparison.
Data set. Available on-line [http://daac.ornl.gov] from Oak Ridge National Laboratory
Distributed Active Archive Center, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA.
http://dx.doi.org/10.3334/ORNLDAAC/1220
— Web Link: http://dx.doi.org/10.3334/ORNLDAAC/1220
— Date Accessed: 29 September, 2015
— Additional Notes: PalEON soil drivers were aggregated up from MsTMIP drivers for North America. In
the process of aggregating from quarter to half-degree resolution, we had a few cells that were
missing in MsTMIP and which were filled with the mean of the surrounding adjacent cells.
MsTMIP data source: Unified North American Soil Database (UNASD) [U.S. General Soil Map (STATSGO2)
+ Soil Landscapes of Canada v3.2 and v2.2 + HWSD v1.1]; topsoil=0-30 cm depth, subsoil=30-100 cm
depth; See highlighted section on page 18 of NACP_MsTMIP_Model_Driver.pdf in soil folder for more
information.
Units & descriptions are as follows:
Soil Property Description Units in UNASD
soil_code soil mapping unit code code
ref_depth reference soil depth code
roots obstacles to roots (Europe only) NA
il impermeable layer (Europe only) NA
t_cec_clay topsoil CEC (clay) meq/100g
t_clay topsoil clay fraction % weight
t_gravel topsoil gravel content % volume
t_oc topsoil organic carbon % weight
t_ph_h20 topsoil pH (H2O) -log(H+)
t_ref_bulk topsoil bulk density g/cm3
t_sand topsoil sand fraction % weight
t_silt topsoil silt fraction % weight
t_usda_tex topsoil USDA texture classification name
s_cec_clay subsoil CEC (clay) meq/100g
s_clay subsoil clay fraction % weight
s_gravel subsoil gravel content % volume
s_oc subsoil organic carbon % weight
s_ph_h20 subsoil pH (H2O) -log(H+)
s_ref_bulk subsoil bulk density g/cm3
s_sand subsoil sand fraction % weight
s_silt subsoil silt fraction % weight
s_usda_tex subsoil USDA texture classification name
5) Biome
— File Path/Name: biome/biome_potential_vegtype_biome.nc; biome/biome_potential_vegtype_pft_fraction.nc
— File Format: netcdf; dim=[PFT, lat, lon]
— Units: categorical
— Temporal Extent: static (one time)
- Temporal Resolution: static (one time)
— Processing Script: 5_biome.R (see 5_biome_comparison.R for some ugly script deciding whether to use
SYNMAP (MsTMIP) or Ramankutty & Foley (PalEON original))
— File Description: This file contains the dominant biome type (biome_potential_vegtype_biome.nc) and
estimated corresponding fraction of common model plant functional types (*_pft_fraction.nc) in each
grid cell. Original biome classification is from SYNMAP (MsTMIP biome driver). see additional notes
for details on biome & PFT translation for PalEON.
— Citation: Wei, Y., S. Liu, D.N. Huntzinger, A.M. Michalak, N. Viovy, W.M. Post, C.R. Schwalm, K.
Schaefer, A.R. Jacobson, C. Lu, H. Tian, D.M. Ricciuto, R.B. Cook, J. Mao, and X. Shi.
2014. NACP MsTMIP: Global and North American Driver Data for Multi-Model Intercomparison.
Data set. Available on-line [http://daac.ornl.gov] from Oak Ridge National Laboratory
Distributed Active Archive Center, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA.
http://dx.doi.org/10.3334/ORNLDAAC/1220
SYNMAP
Jung, M., Henkel, K., Herold, M., and Churkina, G. 2006. Exploiting synergies of global land
cover products for carbon cycle modeling. Remote Sens. Environ. 101: 534-553.
DOI:10.1016/j.rse.2006.01.020
Biome Crosswalk
Poulter, B. N. MacBean. A. Hartley, I Khlystova, O. Arino, R. Betts, S. Bontemps, M. Boettcher,
C. Brockmann, P. Defourny, S. Hagemann, M. Herold, G. Kirches, C. Lamarche, D. Lederer, C.
Ottle, M. Peters, and P. Peylin. 2015. Plant functional type classification for earth system
models: results from the European Space Agency’s Land Cover Climate Change Initiative.
Geoscientific Model Development 8: 2315-2328. doi:10.5194/gmd-8-2315-2015
— Web Link: http://dx.doi.org/10.3334/ORNLDAAC/1220
— Date Accessed: 28 September, 2015
— Additional Notes: PalEON biome driver is derived from SYNMAP (Jung et al. 2006) which is used by
MsTMIP. Crosswalk between SYNMAP and PalEON/model biomes generally followed previous work by K. Schaefer
for SibCASA. SYNMAP-PFT crosswalk was modified from Poulter et al. 2015. In both cases, crops were
equated with grassland and urban area ignored. Mosaic tree-shrub or tree-grass/crop were treated as the
corresponding LCCS “open” forest types (<15% forest cover) treating shrub and grass as equivalent.
Current product keeps the bare ground cover, and models that do not have bare ground should reallocate
that proportion accordingly.
Biome Classifications
Code Description SYNMAP CODES
1 Broadleaf-Deciduous Forest 5
2 Mixed Broadleaf-Deciduous & Needleleaf-Evergreen 6, 9
3 Needleleaf-Evergreen Forest 1, 19
4 Savanna & Shrublands 10, 14, 23, 27, 37, 38, 40
5 Grasslands 31, 32, 33, 36, 39, 41, 42, 44, 47
PFT Classifications
PFT Code Form Leaf Phenology
1 TBrEv Tree Broad Evergreen
2 TBrDe Tree Broad Deciduous
3 TNeEv Tree Needle Evergreen
4 TNeDe Tree Needle Deciduous
5 SBrEv Shrub Broad Evergreen
6 SBrDe Shrub Broad Deciduous
7 SNeEv Shrub Needle Evergreen
8 SNeDe Shrub Needle Deciduous
9 Grass Grass - -
10 Bare Bare - -
6) Nitrogen Deposition
— File Path/Name: nitrogen/paleon_nhx.nc; nitrogen/paleon_noy.nc
— File Format: netcdf, dim=[time,lat,lon]
— Units: mgN/m2/yr
— Temporal Extent: 0850-2010 (PalEON filled, native extent = 1860-2010)
- Temporal Resolution: annual
— Processing Script: 6_nitrogen.R
— File Description: Annual nitrogen inputs from spatially extracted from the MsTMIP drivers.
— Citation: Wei, Y., S. Liu, D.N. Huntzinger, A.M. Michalak, N. Viovy, W.M. Post, C.R. Schwalm, K.
Schaefer, A.R. Jacobson, C. Lu, H. Tian, D.M. Ricciuto, R.B. Cook, J. Mao, and X. Shi.
2014. NACP MsTMIP: Global and North American Driver Data for Multi-Model Intercomparison.
Data set. Available on-line [http://daac.ornl.gov] from Oak Ridge National Laboratory
Distributed Active Archive Center, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA.
http://dx.doi.org/10.3334/ORNLDAAC/1220
— Web Link: http://dx.doi.org/10.3334/ORNLDAAC/1220
— Date Accessed: 29 September, 2015
— Additional Notes: See highlighted section on page 16 of NACP_MsTMIP_Model_Driver.pdf in nitrogen
folder for description of MsTMIP methods. Because there is no methodological difference between
quarter-degree North America data and half-degree global data, PalEON drivers were extracted from
the 0.5-degree native global product.
Temporal Gapfilling Protocol: Assume 1860 is indicative of background N deposition rates. 850 -
1859 receive the 1860 N deposition rates.