[Bug]: Native showing up in send and MM Pay token picker and leading to a crash #23435
Description
Describe the bug
Expected behavior
No response
Screenshots/Recordings
ScreenRecording_11-27-2025.20-18-11_1.MP4
Steps to reproduce
This happening for some but not all
Error messages or log output
Detection stage
During release testing
Version
7.60.0
Build number
3188
Build type
None
Device
Operating system
iOS
Additional context
No response
Severity
No response