Fail more gracefully when precompiling huge data

[GunnarFarneback]

If you do something stupid like loading a several GB file into a global variable at the top level of a package, precompilation will try to save this and it leads to errors like

lld: error: /home/gunnar/.julia/compiled/v1.10/xxxxxx/jl_MV2j1q(text#0.o):(function julia_get_mem_compatible_jl_type_8119: .text+0x587): relocation R_X86_64_PC32 out of range: 3445946693 is not in [-2147483648, 2147483647]; references jl_small_typeof

It really is fine that this causes an error but it would be great if it produced an up-front error about what is going on, rather than something looking like your Julia installation has broken down.

Related: #52350, #57366

[GunnarFarneback]

MWE:

using Pkg
cd(mktempdir()) do
    Pkg.generate("Reproducer")
    write("Reproducer/src/Reproducer.jl",
          """
          module Reproducer
          f() = rand(UInt8, 3*10^9)
          x = f()
          end
          """)
    Pkg.activate("Reproducer")
    Pkg.precompile("Reproducer")
end

Running this gives the output

lld: error: /tmp/testdepot/compiled/v1.13/Reproducer/jl_zFdn7S(text#0.o):(.lrodata+0x44): relocation R_X86_64_PC32 out of range: 3000094896 is not in [-2147483648, 2147483647]; references section '.lbss'; R_X86_64_PC32 should not reference a section marked SHF_X86_64_LARGE
>>> referenced by text

lld: error: /tmp/testdepot/compiled/v1.13/Reproducer/jl_zFdn7S(text#0.o):(.lrodata+0x48): relocation R_X86_64_PC32 out of range: 3000094936 is not in [-2147483648, 2147483647]; references section '.lbss'; R_X86_64_PC32 should not reference a section marked SHF_X86_64_LARGE
>>> referenced by text

lld: error: /tmp/testdepot/compiled/v1.13/Reproducer/jl_zFdn7S(text#0.o):(.lrodata+0x4c): relocation R_X86_64_PC32 out of range: 3000094904 is not in [-2147483648, 2147483647]; references section '.lbss'; R_X86_64_PC32 should not reference a section marked SHF_X86_64_LARGE
>>> referenced by text

lld: error: /tmp/testdepot/compiled/v1.13/Reproducer/jl_zFdn7S(text#0.o):(.lrodata+0x50): relocation R_X86_64_PC32 out of range: 3000094920 is not in [-2147483648, 2147483647]; references section '.lbss'; R_X86_64_PC32 should not reference a section marked SHF_X86_64_LARGE
>>> referenced by text

lld: error: /tmp/testdepot/compiled/v1.13/Reproducer/jl_zFdn7S(text#0.o):(.lrodata+0x54): relocation R_X86_64_PC32 out of range: 3000094912 is not in [-2147483648, 2147483647]; references section '.lbss'; R_X86_64_PC32 should not reference a section marked SHF_X86_64_LARGE
>>> referenced by text

lld: error: /tmp/testdepot/compiled/v1.13/Reproducer/jl_zFdn7S(text#0.o):(.lrodata+0x58): relocation R_X86_64_PC32 out of range: 3000094928 is not in [-2147483648, 2147483647]; references section '.lbss'; R_X86_64_PC32 should not reference a section marked SHF_X86_64_LARGE
>>> referenced by text
  ◓ Reproducer
String[]

julia> versioninfo()
Julia Version 1.13.0-DEV.1314
Commit 786e304bb08 (2025-10-14 19:46 UTC)
Build Info:
  Official https://julialang.org release
Platform Info:
  OS: Linux (x86_64-linux-gnu)
  CPU: 24 × 12th Gen Intel(R) Core(TM) i9-12900K
  WORD_SIZE: 64
  LLVM: libLLVM-20.1.8 (ORCJIT, alderlake)
  GC: Built with stock GC
Threads: 1 default, 1 interactive, 1 GC (on 24 virtual cores)
Environment:
  JULIA_DEPOT_PATH = /tmp/testdepot
  JULIA_PKG_SERVER =