Show error message when activate.sh/ps1 is invoked directly instead of sourced (dotnet#7731)

Helps users avoid a common mistake which is otherwise not obvious.

Author: natemcmaster

activate.ps1

@@ -1,9 +1,16 @@
 #
 # This file must be used by invoking ". .\activate.ps1" from the command line.
-# You cannot run it directly.
+# You cannot run it directly. See https://docs.microsoft.com/powershell/module/microsoft.powershell.core/about/about_scripts#script-scope-and-dot-sourcing
+#
 # To exit from the environment this creates, execute the 'deactivate' function.
 #
 
+if ($MyInvocation.CommandOrigin -eq 'runspace') {
+    Write-Host -f Red "This script cannot be invoked directly."
+    Write-Host -f Red "To function correctly, this script file must be 'dot sourced' by calling `". $PSCommandPath`" (notice the dot at the beginning)."
+    exit 1
+}
+
 function deactivate ([switch]$init) {
 
     # reset old environment variables

activate.sh

@@ -3,10 +3,35 @@
 # You cannot run it directly.
 # To exit from the environment this creates, execute the 'deactivate' function.
 
+_RED="\033[0;31m"
 _MAGENTA="\033[0;95m"
 _YELLOW="\033[0;33m"
 _RESET="\033[0m"
 
+# This detects if a script was sourced or invoked directly
+# See https://stackoverflow.com/a/28776166/2526265
+sourced=0
+if [ -n "$ZSH_EVAL_CONTEXT" ]; then
+  case $ZSH_EVAL_CONTEXT in *:file) sourced=1;; esac
+  THIS_SCRIPT="${0:-}"
+elif [ -n "$KSH_VERSION" ]; then
+  [ "$(cd $(dirname -- $0) && pwd -P)/$(basename -- $0)" != "$(cd $(dirname -- ${.sh.file}) && pwd -P)/$(basename -- ${.sh.file})" ] && sourced=1
+  THIS_SCRIPT="${0:-}"
+elif [ -n "$BASH_VERSION" ]; then
+  (return 2>/dev/null) && sourced=1
+  THIS_SCRIPT="$BASH_SOURCE"
+else # All other shells: examine $0 for known shell binary filenames
+  # Detects `sh` and `dash`; add additional shell filenames as needed.
+  case ${0##*/} in sh|dash) sourced=1;; esac
+  THIS_SCRIPT="${0:-}"
+fi
+
+if [ $sourced -eq 0 ]; then
+    printf "${_RED}This script cannot be invoked directly.${_RESET}\n"
+    printf "${_RED}To function correctly, this script file must be sourced by calling \"source $0\".${_RESET}\n"
+    exit 1
+fi
+
 deactivate () {
 
     # reset old environment variables
@@ -38,7 +63,7 @@ deactivate () {
 # Cleanup the environment
 deactivate init
 
-DIR="$( cd "$( dirname "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}" )" && pwd )"
+DIR="$( cd "$( dirname "$THIS_SCRIPT" )" && pwd )"
 _OLD_PATH="$PATH"
 # Tell dotnet where to find itself
 export DOTNET_ROOT="$DIR/.dotnet"
@@ -60,10 +85,10 @@ if [ -n "${BASH:-}" ] || [ -n "${ZSH_VERSION:-}" ] ; then
     hash -r 2>/dev/null
 fi
 
-echo "${_MAGENTA}Enabled the .NET Core environment. Execute 'deactivate' to exit.${_RESET}"
+printf "${_MAGENTA}Enabled the .NET Core environment. Execute 'deactivate' to exit.${_RESET}\n"
 
 if [ ! -f "$DOTNET_ROOT/dotnet" ]; then
-    echo "${_YELLOW}.NET Core has not been installed yet. Run $DIR/restore.sh to install it.${_RESET}"
+    printf "${_YELLOW}.NET Core has not been installed yet. Run $DIR/restore.sh to install it.${_RESET}\n"
 else
-    echo "dotnet = $DOTNET_ROOT/dotnet"
+    printf "dotnet = $DOTNET_ROOT/dotnet\n"
 fi

docs/BuildFromSource.md

@@ -101,8 +101,10 @@ Using Visual Studio Code with this repo requires setting environment variables o
 Use these command to launch VS Code with the right settings.
 
 On Windows (requires PowerShell):
-```
-. activate.ps1
+```ps1
+# The extra dot at the beginning is required to 'dot source' this file into the right scope.
+
+. .\activate.ps1
 code .
 ```
 
@@ -134,6 +136,8 @@ to make the .NET Core command line tool work well. You can set these environment
 On Windows (requires PowerShell):
 
 ```ps1
+# The extra dot at the beginning is required to 'dot source' this file into the right scope.
+
 . .\activate.ps1
 ```