[Term Entry] C++ Maps: .key_comp()

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Author: quinton-8

content/cpp/concepts/maps/terms/key-comp/key-comp.md

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+---
+Title: '.key_comp'
+Description: 'Returns a copy of the comparison function object used internally by associative containers (like `std::map`) to order their keys.'
+Subjects:
+  - 'Computer Science'
+  - 'Developer Tools'
+Tags:
+  - 'Data'
+  - 'Data Structures'
+  - 'Map'
+  - 'STL'
+CatalogContent:
+  - 'learn-c-plus-plus'
+  - 'path/computer-science'
+---
+
+The **`.key_comp()`** function returns a copy of the comparison function object (typically `key_compare`) used by the container to order its keys.
+
+## Syntax
+
+```pseudo
+myMap.key_comp();
+```
+
+**Parameters:**
+
+- `.key_comp()` takes no parameters.
+
+**Return value:**
+
+- Returns the key comparison function object used by the map to order its keys.
+  - By default, this is `std::less<Key>` unless a custom comparator was specified when defining the map.
+
+## Example
+
+This is an example demonstrating how to use `.key_comp()` to compare keys in a `std::map`:
+
+```cpp
+#include <iostream>
+#include <map>
+
+int main() {
+
+  std::map<int, std::string> myMap = {
+    {1, "Apple"},
+    {2, "Banana"},
+    {3, "Orange"},
+    {4, "Date"},
+    {5, "Mango"}
+  };
+
+  auto comp = myMap.key_comp();
+
+  int keyToCompare = 3;
+
+  for (const auto& pair : myMap) {
+    if (comp(pair.first, keyToCompare)) {
+      std::cout << pair.first << " is less than " << keyToCompare << std::endl;
+    } else if (comp(keyToCompare, pair.first)) {
+        std::cout << pair.first << " is greater than " << keyToCompare << std::endl;
+      } else {
+          std::cout << pair.first << " is equal to " << keyToCompare << std::endl;
+        }
+  }
+
+  return 0;
+}
+```
+
+The output of this code will be:
+
+```shell
+1 is less than 3
+2 is less than 3
+3 is equal to 3
+4 is greater than 3
+5 is greater than 3
+```
+
+## Codebyte Example
+
+This is a codebyte example demonstrating how to use `.key_comp()` to compare keys in a `std::map`:
+
+```codebyte/cpp
+#include <iostream>
+#include <map>
+
+struct CustomCompare {
+  bool operator()(int lhs, int rhs) const {
+    return lhs > rhs; // Reverse order
+  }
+};
+
+int main() {
+  std::map<int, char, CustomCompare> myMap = {{1, 'a'}, {2, 'b'}, {3, 'c'}};
+
+  auto comp = myMap.key_comp();
+
+  std::cout << "Comparing 2 and 3: " << comp(2, 3) << std::endl;
+  std::cout << "Comparing 3 and 2: " << comp(3, 2) << std::endl;
+
+  return 0;
+}
+```